Underlying the diversity and changeability of US eating habits are fundamental dietary patterns shaped by common sociohistorical experiences. Currently, little is known of what patterns exist or of their sociodemographic / lifestyle correlates. We examined this in 5,794 US-born, white participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Interviews included a food frequency questionnaire and questions on sociodemographics and health behaviors. Dietary patterns were identified by principal components analysis. Component scores representing intake level of each pattern were dichotomized at the median. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by logistic regression. We identified two primary patterns – a “western” pattern characterized by processed / red meats, eggs, potatoes, and refined grains, and a “prudent” pattern characterized by cruciferous vegetables, greens, carrots, salads, and fruits. The patterns occurred across geographic regions and in both women and men. The “western” diet was associated with rural residence (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.7-2.2), working class status (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6), and lack of high school completion (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.8). The “prudent” diet was associated with high school completion (OR=2.8, 95% CI 2.5-3.3) and behaviors reflecting greater health awareness – e.g., daily physical activity (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.8-2.2), non-smoking (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.4), and supplement use (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.6-2.0). The two dietary patterns resemble those found in previous, smaller US studies. Findings regarding correlates agree with social histories describing the patterns’ emergence. Principal components analysis may be useful for identifying fundamental dietary patterns for investigations of diet-disease associations.
Learning Objectives: At the conclusion of the session, the participant in this session will be able to: 1. Recognize principal components analysis as a method for identifying dietary patterns 2. Describe two of the fundamental dietary patterns in the US 3. Describe sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of the patterns
Keywords: Dietary Assessment, Nutrition
Presenting author's disclosure statement:
Organization/institution whose products or services will be discussed: None
I do not have any significant financial interest/arrangement or affiliation with any organization/institution whose products or services are being discussed in this session.