Perceived influences on physical activity and diet in rural, low-income adults

Insufficient physical activity and poor diets are prevalent throughout U.S. population groups, but low-income people, rural residents, and some racial and ethnic minorities are at particular risk for these behaviors that contribute to chronic disease. Ecological models propose that behavior is a function of physical and social environments as well as individual characteristics. We present results from The Healthy Lifestyles Study, a project conducted by a community-academic partnership in southeastern Wisconsin. Using instruments based on an ecological framework, we examined the perceptions of rural, low-income adults regarding factors that may influence their physical activity and diet behaviors. A number of studies have examined the relationship between perceived environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors, but this study is unique in its focus on rural, low-income adults and the inclusion of native Spanish speakers. English and Spanish-speaking participants were recruited from health clinics, job centers, local health departments, grocery stores, churches, and other community agencies. Survey and focus group questions addressed individual factors (self-efficacy, barriers, demographic characteristics), interpersonal factors (social support), organizational factors (workplace resources and policies), and community factors (safety, aesthetic qualities, resources) that may influence physical activity and diet behaviors. We describe self-reported health behaviors, perceived influences on physical activity and diet, differences between ethnic and gender groups, and differences within groups. Results from the study will be used to develop a strategic plan for community-based interventions to promote healthy eating and active lifestyles in this rural, low-income population.