Collective exposure to violence and human rights violations in the complex setting in Bangladesh (II): Torture history and functional assessment of victims

Background: Little is known about emotional wellbeing, physical and social functioning of oppressed populations exposed to organized and political violence (OPV).

Methods: 236 subjects (184 male and 52 female) were recruited from those who reported exposure to OPV in a household survey in Meherpur district. Demographic data, information on personal relationships and social participation was collected. Injuries, pain frequency and intensity were assessed.

Results: Majority of alleged torture occurred in 2000-2008; 51% of cases occurred during winter. Police involvement was reported in 75% of cases. Incidences took place at victims' homes (46.7%), or at the police station, military camp, custody or prison (21.9%). Subjects experienced 1-10 torture methods and reported 0-6 injuries. Less than 20% of subjects were able to stand on one leg for 90 seconds; 7.5% of males aged 25-44 had a handgrip strength in both hands exceeding average values for healthy people at the same age. Age, Body Mass Index and number of reported injuries have significant effect on standing balance performance. Over 85% of victims had low score (<13) on WHO wellbeing 5 scale. Number of years passed since the torture event, pain frequency, quitting work to take care of an injured family member, political participation, conflict with other people and fear of violence in the neighborhood strongly affect emotional wellbeing.

Conclusion: The study presents trends and patterns of torture in Meherpur district. To generate the baseline knowledge for monitoring quality and outcome of rehabilitation we developed a simple, rapid tool to assess the functional capacity of the victims.