Examining Perceptions About the Link Between Genetic Risks and Chronic Diseases

BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases are a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Annually, chronic diseases claim the lives of more than 1.7 million Americans and cause physical, emotional, and financial burdens. Genomic research is a tool that can be used to investigate the etiology of complex diseases such as chronic diseases. Specifically, genomics can aid in understanding family history, environment, and diet which all play an important role in chronic diseases. A true understanding is vital to the reduction of these diseases which are fast reaching epidemic proportions. PURPOSE: To assess participant's knowledge about how genetic risks contribute to chronic diseases. METHODS: Thirty qualitative interviews were conducted in four Florida counties which have a higher than state rate of chronic disease (Leon, Jefferson, Gadsden, and Gulf.) Using a grounded theory approach, interviews were audio taped, transcribed and data were analyzed with NVivo software. RESULTS: Participants did not readily recognize the link between genetic risks and chronic diseases. Issues such as family history, environment, and diet were discussed but the connection between how genetic risks contribute to chronic diseases was not established. Most participants did not understand the importance of family history as a genetic risk factor. CONCLUSION: Additional prevention efforts are needed to educate communities about how genetic risk contributes to chronic diseases. Genetic risk information is critical to help individuals make lifestyle changes that could lessen the risk of future chronic diseases. Public health professionals will play a key role in educating communities about genetic risks.