Factors associated that affect HIV/AIDS sexual risk behaviors and HIV testing among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) Women

Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and AIDS are a growing threat to women in the US. While overall HIV/AIDS rates in the API community remain low, little is known about the HIV/AIDS behavioral risks, testing behaviors and sexual decision making in the different API subgroups. There is a perception that HIV/AIDS is somewhat of a non-issue in the API heterosexual community and cultural stigmas around AIDS related to the traditional high risk groups have hindered HIV prevention efforts. Concentrating on Filipino women we reviewed the literature and subsequently conducted theory-based (acculturation, theory of gender and power, AIDS Risk Reduction Model) semi-structured interviews, and confirmatory focus groups. Data were coded, themed and analyzed using Grounded Theory Methods. Results indicate API cultural beliefs are quite important and conservative among the women we interviewed regardless of how acculturated they were. We found high levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and women reported being attitudinally influenced to traditional patterns and expectations. However, despite their knowledge could easily be persuaded to not use condom due to perceived lack of power and control over the relationships. Condom possession is considered taboo due to stigma and fear of being labeled as promiscuous. Cultural barriers, within the API community, discourage open expressions of sexuality which is necessary for HIV-related interpersonal communication. Findings from this study will contribute to the limited literature on HIV/AIDS in API women and provide information that can be used for developing and implementing culturally appropriate programs that promote HIV prevention and testing.