Reducing Social Disparities of Heatwave Impacts in a Changing Climate: A Qualitative Investigation of Heat Planning in Four U.S. Cities

Hot weather and heatwaves pose a substantial risk to health in the U.S. The frequency and intensity of these weather conditions are expected to increase, with effects not equally distributed, thus contributing to social disparities in health. This study explores adoption of heat wave mitigation and adaptation interventions in the U.S. Using a qualitative multiple case study design focusing on Phoenix, New York City, Philadelphia and Detroit, we are examining heat-related planning and interventions in these cities. Based on qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews with over 150 government officials, community leaders, and community members, and on reviews of documents, this presentation describes processes that guide, impede or catalyze heat-related interventions for individuals and communities. Preliminary findings suggest: (i) the development of heat wave programming has faced an important set of obstacles and catalysts to development, distinct to each local context, (ii) heat wave interventions are defined and initiated through both technical and political processes that vary greatly year-to-year, city-to-city, and (iii) innovative emergency plans are needed to meet at-home needs of people with little social support during heat events. These findings have implications for the future implementation of heat planning in major cities and are especially relevant as organizations such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association work to establish standard heat wave warning systems in cities across the U.S.