Updated typology of homeless veterans

In this millennium the characteristics of the homeless population have changed in substantial ways, including increases in the number of women, young veterans, adolescents, the elderly, and families joining the ranks of those without housing. To update existing homeless typologies, we applied a multi-stage clustering procedure to records of homeless veterans to develop and validate a current typology of homelessness. The data were extracted from the program entry and exit records of homeless veterans who had participated in a VA transitional housing program in 20011-2012. A cluster solution was developed on a derivation sample of 7,032 records and validated on an independent sample of 2,391 records. A five-cluster solution was obtained in the derivation sample by examination of 13 clustering variables tapping case characteristics such as substance abuse history, employment, and number of homeless episodes. The clusters were titled Multiproblem, Isolated, Prison, High Function, and Older. The profile seeds for these clusters were then used to classify cases in the validation sample. Approximately 80% of the validation sample were matched to one of the five clusters. The validity of the five-cluster typology was supported by the finding of significant differences among the five cluster groups on outcome variables such as program completion, having a residence, and employment. The study was successful in developing and validating a typology of homelessness for veterans receiving housing interventions in a large, nation-wide program. Future attempts to develop homeless typologies will be facilitated by the inclusion of clustering variables tapping psychiatric diagnoses and personality characteristics.