Life on the streets: A phenomenological exploration of unsheltered homelessness

Unsheltered homelessness continues to represent a significant social problem in the United States. Increasing approximately 2% between 2009 and 2012, 40% of all people who are homeless sleep in places not meant for human habitation.While studies of this population exist, they often rely on agency-based samples, which likely excludes individuals who avoid or minimally use assistance services. Noting this limitation, the current study explores the experiences of 20 unsheltered homeless individuals recruited from naturalistic, community settings. Rooted in a phenomenological approach, semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were used to understand participant experiences becoming homeless, experiences while homeless, and reasons for remaining homeless. Data were coded using open and axial coding through an iterative comparative process. Results revealed three consistent themes: the heterogeneity of individuals and experiences, the inherent dignity of individuals living on the street, and a desire for services. All participants described the shelters as dangerous and dirty locations. The majority expressed pride in their resiliency and differentiated themselves from individuals living near or in shelters. Finally, many reported that they wanted to exit from homelessness but could not due to inability to find a job or lack of outreach from service providers. The findings suggest a need for more intensive outreach efforts to individuals who traditionally are not service engaged as well as a need to reinforce the use of housing models, case management approaches, and other services that respect individual dignity, experience, and choice.