Gender and other factors contributing to malaria incidence, insecticide treated bed net use, and malaria treatment behavior: A survey-based exploration in Southeastern Kenya

Numerous studies have established the effectiveness of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) in preventing infection with the malaria parasite. Less explored is the influence that gender has on the distribution and utilization of ITNs as well as the effect that gender has on the malaria treatment decision-making process.  In order to investigate this topic, a survey was administered to 243 patients at Lunga Lunga District Health Center in Southeastern Kenya in Summer 2013. The survey included questions about demographics, net ownership and use, mosquito exposure, and treatment behaviors. The results were analyzed using multivariate correlation and chi-square statistical analysis. Preliminary results show that while there are no significant gender differences in malaria incidence or bed net use, statistically significant associations do exist between gender and the number of hours spent outside each day (a surrogate measure of malaria exposure), the method of diagnosis, who in the household makes decisions regarding treatment for malaria, and who in the household pays for treatment. The findings support the hypothesis that women likely have decreased autonomy regarding their healthcare, and that men may have greater exposure to mosquitoes due to differences in lifestyle.  By incorporating a gender-sensitive analysis into policy development about malaria prevention and treatment this information may help to decrease malaria morbidity and mortality.