Transportation Policy as Health Policy: Implications of Michigan's Driver's License Policy for Latinas in Detroit, MI

Background. In response to the REAL ID Act requiring verification of documentation status to recognize driver’s licenses as national identification, Michigan implemented a policy to deny driver’s licenses to persons who lack documentation, which may affect opportunities, mobility, and health.  This study examined the influence of this policy on Latinas. 

Methods. This study draws from 38 in-depth interviews with Latina residents of Detroit, MI, aged >18 who were immigrants or children of immigrants.  Interviews examined how, if at all, Latinas were affected by this policy, variation by immigrant generation, and health implications. 

Results. Women who lacked documentation described having expired or no licenses.  Those who did not have a license, and whose loved ones lacked a license described critical decisions regarding whether to drive and limiting their driving and mobility in response to this policy.  Several expressed anxiety about driving without a license to fulfill responsibilities as workers and caregivers.  Those without a license and persons with whom they associated described feeling vulnerable to discrimination when driving, renewing their license, or seeking or paying for services or assistance.

Discussion.  Michigan’s driver’s license policy has several consequences for Latinos, including: leaving undocumented immigrants without federal identification or any identification, reduced access to safe transportation, limited mobility, racial profiling, and vulnerability to other discriminatory experiences.  Understanding the health implications of this policy offers an important opportunity to identify health-promoting, equitable legislation.  Results could enhance understanding of resources that are inaccessible to undocumented immigrants, and implications for advocacy for non-driver’s license identification.