Increasing CKD prevalence according to severity of lifestyle-related diseases

Objective

We examined the CKD prevalence by the severity of hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and diabetes.

Methods

The participants were all male employees in a railway company aged 40–65 who underwent medical examination in 2013. The severity of each disease was categorized into one of the following three groups: normal group, mild group and severe group. The parameters for staging each disease were as follows:

Hypertension: systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) < 140 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 90; SBP < 160 and DBP < 100; SBP ≥ 160 or DBP ≥ 100.

Dyslipidemia: low-density lipoprotein (LDL, mg/dL) < 140; LDL ≥ 140 and < 180; LDL ≥ 180.

Hyperuricemia: uric acid (UA, mg/dL) < 7.6, UA ≥ 7.6 and < 9.0, UA ≥ 9.0.

Diabetes: hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, %) < 6.0; HbA1c ≥ 6.0 and < 6.5; HbA1c ≥ 6.5.

A logistic regression analysis was performed with the presence of CKD as a dependent variable and age, body-mass index (BMI), and dummy variables representing the disease severity groups as independent variables.

Results

The participants were 7,043 employees. The results of the logistic regression analysis revealed a significant increase in the CKD prevalence in the severe group of hypertension (odds ratio: 1.45), the severe group of dyslipidemia (1.52), the mild and severe groups of hyperuricemia (2.52, 2.30), and the severe group of diabetes (1.29).

Conclusions

In the severe groups of each disease, the CKD prevalence exhibited a significant increase. The results of this study revealed that health guidance that takes into account the possibility of CKD should be provided to patients with severe hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes, and to all patients with hyperuricemia.