A Critique of Genomics Research through the Lens of Justice

Introduction  Translational tools of genomic research are beginning to emerge in public health practice. These tools have the potential to impact health and healthcare outcomes for society at large. Minority ethnic groups are underrepresented in genomics research. Lack of genomic research on diverse populations could lead to differentiated health outcomes, likely exacerbating  detrimental social determinants of health already existing in these populations.
Methods  Using a normative approach, we defined justice through a capabilities framework - as opportunities to create genuine capabilities. This definition was then applied to evaluate a two-tiered approach to social justice in genomics research - justice in the short-term ( from a recognition perspective) and justice in the long-term (from a redistribution perspective).
Results  We identified that lack of genomic research on diverse populations leads to inequality of opportunities and could lead to a hermaneutical injustice in the genomics research agenda. Lack of genomic research on minority populations contributes to a lack of knowledge on the genetic variation, and the effect of these variation in those populations.
Discussion  It is important to include all groups of people as participants in genomic research in order to ensure justice in both the process of research and the translated outcomes of research, and also to guarantee that the fruits of research benefit society as a whole.