Effects of a community-based strength training program on physical function and adiposity: A pilot study among older Aboriginal Australians

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is prevalent among older Indigenous Australians, (≥40 years in this population) and disease-related burdens are exacerbated relative to non-Indigenous Australians. Strength training exercise can lead to improved glycemic control for those with or at risk of developing T2D. However, its applicability in the Aboriginal Australian population has not been tested. In a pre-post study design, we assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of the research-to-practice “Lift for Life” strength training program designed for older adults.

Methods: A triweekly pilot intervention was undertaken in a sample of Aboriginal Australians (n=22) who had accessed the 12-week program in a rural Aboriginal community. Participants’ demographic, anthropometric, and functional fitness were collected at baseline and after completion of the program. Per protocol and intent-to-treat analyses were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the program. Feasibility was measured in terms of participant adherence.

Results: Participants (n=14) were older (44.5 years, 95% CI 40.0–50.3), the majority were female (71%), and most were markedly overweight/obese (median waist circumference 118.0 cm, 95% CI 108.4–119.7). Relative to baseline, there were significant reductions in waist circumference, lower-body strength, upper-body, aerobic endurance, agility and balance, and lower-body flexibility (all p=0.02). Similar trends were observed in the intent-to-treat analysis.

Conclusions:  This pilot study indicated that an evidence-based strength training program administered in a rural Aboriginal community can lead to a reduction in central obesity and improved physical function. Retention strategies for physical activity research involving this population should be further explored to enhance feasibility.